@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20261403.12,
  author = {Noel Igbinosa and Frederick Ikechukwu Esumeh and Helen Akinagu Obiazi and Emmanuel Wemambu and Julius Ehikioya Ofanson and Seun Augustine Ikuejamofo},
  title = {Prevalence and Antibiogram Studies of Hospital Aquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {70-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20261403.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20261403.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20261403.12},
  abstract = {Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causative agents of nosocomial and environmental infections which pose a major threat to health-care delivery. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiogram studies of Hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) isolates from Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH). A total of 310 nasal, fomite and wound swabs were collected from different departments in ISTH. Swabs were cultured on Mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours for presumptive growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Gram staining and biochemical tests were conducted and the isolates were subcultured on Oxacillin Resistant Screening Agar Base for growth of MRSA. These were further screened for methicillin resistance by subjecting isolates through Oxacillin single disc and other classes of antibiotics. Molecular studies was done using the polymerase chain reaction to target some genes, using specific primers to detect, nuc, mecA, blaZ, pvl and SCCmec. Isolates were assayed for some virulent factors comprising biofilm, haemolysin and DNase. Results from this study revealed that HA-MRSA had a prevalence of 27%. On the distribution of isolates within ISTH and according to specific source, the prevalence in decreasing order were fomites (32%), cleaners (24%), nurses (19%), patients (13%), and doctors (12%). The results revealed that 38% of HA-MRSA possessed the nuc gene. Of the three genes amplified on all isolates, 62% possessed the mecA gene, 43% had blaZ, gene while 10% had pvl gene. Findings from this study shows that 12% of the isolates had CA-MRSA associated SCCmec IV. From the distribution of the SCCmec and pvl, it is evident that there is a drift of genetic material influx from CA-MRSA to HA-MRSA strains. Inference from this study also shows that some MRSA isolates possessing the targeted genes correlates with HA-MRSA isolates with higher MAR index. Results revealed that 96% of the HA-MRSA were resistant to cloxacillin, while varying percent of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamincin, tetracycline and erythromycin. Vancomycin and Linezolid were the best drug of choice. The multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index shows that some isolates had greater MAR index ranging between 0.2 - 0.4 and MAR index > 0.2 is a high risk source of antibiotic usage. In conclusion, most of the isolates recovered in this study had high MAR index, which is an indication of antibiotic overuse within the hospital sampled. Hence, the need for strict antibiotic stewardship.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence and Antibiogram Studies of Hospital Aquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
AU  - Noel Igbinosa
AU  - Frederick Ikechukwu Esumeh
AU  - Helen Akinagu Obiazi
AU  - Emmanuel Wemambu
AU  - Julius Ehikioya Ofanson
AU  - Seun Augustine Ikuejamofo
Y1  - 2026/05/12
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20261403.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20261403.12
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 70
EP  - 84
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20261403.12
AB  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causative agents of nosocomial and environmental infections which pose a major threat to health-care delivery. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiogram studies of Hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) isolates from Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH). A total of 310 nasal, fomite and wound swabs were collected from different departments in ISTH. Swabs were cultured on Mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours for presumptive growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Gram staining and biochemical tests were conducted and the isolates were subcultured on Oxacillin Resistant Screening Agar Base for growth of MRSA. These were further screened for methicillin resistance by subjecting isolates through Oxacillin single disc and other classes of antibiotics. Molecular studies was done using the polymerase chain reaction to target some genes, using specific primers to detect, nuc, mecA, blaZ, pvl and SCCmec. Isolates were assayed for some virulent factors comprising biofilm, haemolysin and DNase. Results from this study revealed that HA-MRSA had a prevalence of 27%. On the distribution of isolates within ISTH and according to specific source, the prevalence in decreasing order were fomites (32%), cleaners (24%), nurses (19%), patients (13%), and doctors (12%). The results revealed that 38% of HA-MRSA possessed the nuc gene. Of the three genes amplified on all isolates, 62% possessed the mecA gene, 43% had blaZ, gene while 10% had pvl gene. Findings from this study shows that 12% of the isolates had CA-MRSA associated SCCmec IV. From the distribution of the SCCmec and pvl, it is evident that there is a drift of genetic material influx from CA-MRSA to HA-MRSA strains. Inference from this study also shows that some MRSA isolates possessing the targeted genes correlates with HA-MRSA isolates with higher MAR index. Results revealed that 96% of the HA-MRSA were resistant to cloxacillin, while varying percent of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamincin, tetracycline and erythromycin. Vancomycin and Linezolid were the best drug of choice. The multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index shows that some isolates had greater MAR index ranging between 0.2 - 0.4 and MAR index > 0.2 is a high risk source of antibiotic usage. In conclusion, most of the isolates recovered in this study had high MAR index, which is an indication of antibiotic overuse within the hospital sampled. Hence, the need for strict antibiotic stewardship.
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
ER  - 

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