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Earthworm Biomass as Additional Information for Risk Assessment of PCBs: A Case Study of Olusosun Dumpsite, Ojota, Lagos, Nigeria

Received: 6 January 2017     Accepted: 10 February 2017     Published: 11 April 2017
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Abstract

This study assessed the level of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations and the biochemical parameters in earthworms (E. eugeniae) as well as histopathological effects in the clitellium of earthworms (E. eugeniae) present in Olusosun dumpsite which is the largest dumpsite in Lagos and University of Lagos, a major higher institution located in Lagos, Nigeria. The earthworms were sampled from two different sites in each location and taken to the laboratory for PCBs, biochemical and histopathological analyses. The level of concentration of PCBs in earthworms found in Unilag was significantly higher than the level observed in Olusosun dumpsite. With respect to the biochemical analysis carried out on the clitellum of the earthworm samples collected from Olusosun dumpsite, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and GST had higher levels when compared with the sample collected from the University of Lagos study site (non-dump site). High levels of Glutathione content (GSH) and Catalase activities (CAT) were only recorded in earthworms from the Unilag sample when also compared with the sample from Olusosun study site. The activities of the enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were inhibited in Unilag sample. Histopathological assessments of the clitellium indicated that the major effect observed were increased secretory activity, reduced body mass and disorganized internal organ in the earthworms from Unilag. The implication of the findings in the earthworms from Olusosun dumpsite and University of Lagos are hereby discussed.

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 3-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Toxicology

DOI 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2017050301.18
Page(s) 52-59
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

PCBs, Olusosun Dumpsite, Earthworms, Histopathological Assessment, Glutathione

References
[1] Abramowicz, D. A. (1990). Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of PCBs: a review. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 10: 241-251.
[2] Abramowicz, D. A. (1990). Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of PCBs: a review. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 10: 241-251.
[3] Borlakoglu, J. T. and Haegele, K. D. (1991). Comparative aspects on the bioaccumulation, metabolism and toxicity with PCBs. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 100C(3): 327-338.
[4] Boyle, A. W., C. J. Silvin, J. P. Hassett, J. P. Nakas, and S. W. Tanenbaum. 1992. Bacterial PCB degradation. Biodegradation. 3:285-298.
[5] Brunner, W., Sutherland, F. H. and Focht, D. D. (1985). Enhanced biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil by analog enrichment and bacterial inoculation. J. Environ. Qual. 14(3): 324-328.
[6] Crine, Jean-Pierre (1988). Hazards, decontamination, and replacement of PCB. A comprehensive guide. Environmental Science Research. 37p.
[7] Holoubek, I., Lloyd-Smith, M., Masunaga, S., Moccarelli, P., Santillo, D., Seike, N., Symons, R., Torres, J.P., Verta, M., Varbelow, G., Vijgen, J, Watson, A., Costner, P., Woelz, J., Wycisk, P. and Zennegg, M. (2008). Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites-contemporary and future relevance and challenger. Environmental and Sciences Pollution Research 15(5): 363–393.
[8] Maria, G.L., Antonio, C. and Trifone, S. (2012). Earthworm Biomarkers as Tools for Soil Pollution Assessment, Soil Health and Land Use Management, Dr. Maria C. Hernandez Soriano (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-614-0, In Tech.
[9] Mousa, M. A., Quensen III, J. F., Chou, K. and Boyd, S.A. (1996). Microbial dechlorination alleviates inhibitory effects of PCBs on mouse gamete fertilization in vitro. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30(6): 2087-2092.
[10] Nahmani, J., Hodson, M. E. and Black, S. (2007). A review of studies performed to assess metal uptake by earthworms. Environmental Pollution 145(2): 402–424.
[11] Ogundiran, O. O. and Afolabi, T.A. (2008). Assessment of the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals toxicity of leachates from municipal solid waste open dumpsite. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 5(2): 243-250.
[12] OECD (1984). Guidelines for testing of chemicals: earthworm acute toxicity test. No. 207, Paris, France.
[13] OECD (2004). Guideline for testing of chemicals: earthworms’ reproduction test. No. 222, Paris, France.
[14] Tanabe, S. (1988). PCB problems in future: Foresight from current knowledge. Environ. Pollut. 50: 5-28.
[15] Vijver, M. G., Vink, J. P. M., Miermans, C. J. H. and Van Gestel, C. A. M. (2003). Oral sealing using glue: a new method to distinguish between intestinal and dermal uptake of metals in earthworms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35(1): 125-132.
[16] WHO (1993). Environmental Health Criteria 140: Polychlorinated biphenyls and terphenyls. Second Edition. WHO, Geneva.
[17] Yadav, J. S., Quensen III, J. F., Tiedje, J. M. and Reddy, C. A. (1995). Degradation of biphenyl mixtures (Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260) by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium as evidenced by congener-specific analysis. Appl. Environ Microbiol 1(7): 2560-2565.
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    Alani Rose, Akinsanya B., Erhabor-Chimezie M., Nwude D. (2017). Earthworm Biomass as Additional Information for Risk Assessment of PCBs: A Case Study of Olusosun Dumpsite, Ojota, Lagos, Nigeria. American Journal of Life Sciences, 5(3-1), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2017050301.18

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    ACS Style

    Alani Rose; Akinsanya B.; Erhabor-Chimezie M.; Nwude D. Earthworm Biomass as Additional Information for Risk Assessment of PCBs: A Case Study of Olusosun Dumpsite, Ojota, Lagos, Nigeria. Am. J. Life Sci. 2017, 5(3-1), 52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2017050301.18

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    AMA Style

    Alani Rose, Akinsanya B., Erhabor-Chimezie M., Nwude D. Earthworm Biomass as Additional Information for Risk Assessment of PCBs: A Case Study of Olusosun Dumpsite, Ojota, Lagos, Nigeria. Am J Life Sci. 2017;5(3-1):52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2017050301.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajls.s.2017050301.18,
      author = {Alani Rose and Akinsanya B. and Erhabor-Chimezie M. and Nwude D.},
      title = {Earthworm Biomass as Additional Information for Risk Assessment of PCBs: A Case Study of Olusosun Dumpsite, Ojota, Lagos, Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
      volume = {5},
      number = {3-1},
      pages = {52-59},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.s.2017050301.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2017050301.18},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.s.2017050301.18},
      abstract = {This study assessed the level of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations and the biochemical parameters in earthworms (E. eugeniae) as well as histopathological effects in the clitellium of earthworms (E. eugeniae) present in Olusosun dumpsite which is the largest dumpsite in Lagos and University of Lagos, a major higher institution located in Lagos, Nigeria. The earthworms were sampled from two different sites in each location and taken to the laboratory for PCBs, biochemical and histopathological analyses. The level of concentration of PCBs in earthworms found in Unilag was significantly higher than the level observed in Olusosun dumpsite. With respect to the biochemical analysis carried out on the clitellum of the earthworm samples collected from Olusosun dumpsite, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and GST had higher levels when compared with the sample collected from the University of Lagos study site (non-dump site). High levels of Glutathione content (GSH) and Catalase activities (CAT) were only recorded in earthworms from the Unilag sample when also compared with the sample from Olusosun study site. The activities of the enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were inhibited in Unilag sample. Histopathological assessments of the clitellium indicated that the major effect observed were increased secretory activity, reduced body mass and disorganized internal organ in the earthworms from Unilag. The implication of the findings in the earthworms from Olusosun dumpsite and University of Lagos are hereby discussed.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Earthworm Biomass as Additional Information for Risk Assessment of PCBs: A Case Study of Olusosun Dumpsite, Ojota, Lagos, Nigeria
    AU  - Alani Rose
    AU  - Akinsanya B.
    AU  - Erhabor-Chimezie M.
    AU  - Nwude D.
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2017050301.18
    T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    SP  - 52
    EP  - 59
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5737
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2017050301.18
    AB  - This study assessed the level of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations and the biochemical parameters in earthworms (E. eugeniae) as well as histopathological effects in the clitellium of earthworms (E. eugeniae) present in Olusosun dumpsite which is the largest dumpsite in Lagos and University of Lagos, a major higher institution located in Lagos, Nigeria. The earthworms were sampled from two different sites in each location and taken to the laboratory for PCBs, biochemical and histopathological analyses. The level of concentration of PCBs in earthworms found in Unilag was significantly higher than the level observed in Olusosun dumpsite. With respect to the biochemical analysis carried out on the clitellum of the earthworm samples collected from Olusosun dumpsite, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and GST had higher levels when compared with the sample collected from the University of Lagos study site (non-dump site). High levels of Glutathione content (GSH) and Catalase activities (CAT) were only recorded in earthworms from the Unilag sample when also compared with the sample from Olusosun study site. The activities of the enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were inhibited in Unilag sample. Histopathological assessments of the clitellium indicated that the major effect observed were increased secretory activity, reduced body mass and disorganized internal organ in the earthworms from Unilag. The implication of the findings in the earthworms from Olusosun dumpsite and University of Lagos are hereby discussed.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 3-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Otta, Nigeria

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