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Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola)

Received: 20 July 2016     Accepted: 2 August 2016     Published: 18 October 2016
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Abstract

This study investigated the phytochemical content, proximate analysis, acute toxicity test, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effect of Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) seed fractions using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane, methanol and aqueous extracts of B. coriacea seeds against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The proximate composition shows that freshly dried B. coriacea seeds consist of 13% moisture, 88.19% total solid, 0.45% crude fat, 3.92% ash, 1.96% nitrogen, 12.8% protein, 69.8% carbohydrate and 3.5% crude fibre. The acute toxicity study showed that the seed is safe; as no death was recorded. In the assay for anti-inflammatory activity, the results showed the aqueous extract to be the most active fractions. The preliminary antimicrobial evaluation, revealed that at the concentrations analysed (6.25-100 mg/mL), the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) produced by the aqueous extracts against the test isolates ranged from 0-18 mm; the methanol extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-15 mm; and the n-hexane extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-7 mm. The antimicrobial results of the extracts of B. coriacea showed that the aqueous extract recorded the best antibacterial activity, while the methanol extract showed the best antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract recorded more pharmacological activities than the methanol and n-hexane extracts of B. coriacea seeds and this confirms the common use of aqueous decoctions of this plant seeds in South-Eastern Nigeria traditional medicine practice. Analysis of the seed oil, revealed the significant presence of Estra-1, 3, 5 [10] -trien-17ß-ol (35.26%), Oleic acid (6.49%), 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid-2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.98%), Docosanoic acid (2.85%) with other palmitic acid derivatives.

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
Page(s) 106-112
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Buchholzia Coriacea, Antimicrobial, Methanolic Extracts, Aqueous Extracts, Anti-Inflammatory, Nigeria

References
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[10] Treas GE, Evans WC. Textbook of Pharmacognosy 12th ed. Bailiere Tindal, London; 1983, p. 343-383.
[11] Harbone. J. B (1973) Phytochemical Methods, Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London, 49-188.
[12] Kokate, C K., (1994); Practical Pharmacognosy 4th edition, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 177-180.
[13] Official methods of analysis. 15th Edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC, USA. AOAC (2000).
[14] Onwuka G. I. Food analysis and instrumentation; they and practice. Naphthalic prints, Surlere, Lagos, Nigeria. 2005 219-230.
[15] Perez C, Pauli M, Bazerque P. Antibiotic assay by agar-well diffusion method. Acta Biol. Med. Exp. (1990) 15: 113-115.
[16] Derell, C., Guide for the care and use of Laboratory animals Institute of laboratory Annual Resources Natural Academy Press, Washington DC, USA (1996).
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[18] Okoye, F. B. C and Osadebe O Patience. Studies on the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and fractions of Alchornea floribunda leaves. Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine (2009). 2 (3): 7-14.
[19] Perez GRM Anti-inflammatory activity of Ambrosia artemisaefolia and Rheospathacae. Phytomedicine 1996; 3 (2) 163-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113 (96) 80030-4.
[20] Owolabi AO, Ndidi US, James BD, Amune FA. Proximate, Antinutrient and Mineral composition of Five varieties of cowpea, Vigna ungulate, Commonly consumed in samara community, Zaria Nigeria. Asian Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012 4 (2): 70-72.
[21] Mbata TI, Duru CM and Onwumelu HA. Antibacterial activity of crude seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea E. on some pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Developmental Biology and Tissue Engineering. (2009) 1 (1): 001-005.
[22] Nwachukwu MI, Duru MKC, Amadi BA and Nwachukwu IO Comparative Evaluation of Phytoconstituents, Antibacterial Activities and Proximate Contents of Fresh, Oven Dried Uncooked and Cooked Samples of Buchholzia coriacea Seed and Their Effects on Hepatocellular Integrity. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention. (2014) 3 (6): PP. 41-49.
[23] Nweze, NE, Anene, BM, Asuzu, IU. Investigation of the Antitrypanosomal activity of Buchholzia coriacea seed extract against a field strain of trypanosoma congolense. Afr J Tradition complement Altern. Med. (2011) 8 (s): 175-180 175.
[24] Erhirhie EO, Ben-Azu B, Moke G, Emuesiri CP and Omonjia IA. Ethnopharmacological review of Buchholzia Coriacea (Wornderful Kola). International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry. (2015) 4 (1): 149-155.
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Cite This Article
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    Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu, Abba Chika, Ezeh Peter, Ajaghaku Daniel, Onyegbule Felix Afamefule. (2016). Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola). American Journal of Life Sciences, 4(5), 106-112. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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    ACS Style

    Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu; Abba Chika; Ezeh Peter; Ajaghaku Daniel; Onyegbule Felix Afamefule. Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola). Am. J. Life Sci. 2016, 4(5), 106-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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    AMA Style

    Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu, Abba Chika, Ezeh Peter, Ajaghaku Daniel, Onyegbule Felix Afamefule. Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola). Am J Life Sci. 2016;4(5):106-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12,
      author = {Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu and Abba Chika and Ezeh Peter and Ajaghaku Daniel and Onyegbule Felix Afamefule},
      title = {Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola)},
      journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
      volume = {4},
      number = {5},
      pages = {106-112},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20160405.12},
      abstract = {This study investigated the phytochemical content, proximate analysis, acute toxicity test, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effect of Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) seed fractions using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane, methanol and aqueous extracts of B. coriacea seeds against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The proximate composition shows that freshly dried B. coriacea seeds consist of 13% moisture, 88.19% total solid, 0.45% crude fat, 3.92% ash, 1.96% nitrogen, 12.8% protein, 69.8% carbohydrate and 3.5% crude fibre. The acute toxicity study showed that the seed is safe; as no death was recorded. In the assay for anti-inflammatory activity, the results showed the aqueous extract to be the most active fractions. The preliminary antimicrobial evaluation, revealed that at the concentrations analysed (6.25-100 mg/mL), the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) produced by the aqueous extracts against the test isolates ranged from 0-18 mm; the methanol extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-15 mm; and the n-hexane extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-7 mm. The antimicrobial results of the extracts of B. coriacea showed that the aqueous extract recorded the best antibacterial activity, while the methanol extract showed the best antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract recorded more pharmacological activities than the methanol and n-hexane extracts of B. coriacea seeds and this confirms the common use of aqueous decoctions of this plant seeds in South-Eastern Nigeria traditional medicine practice. Analysis of the seed oil, revealed the significant presence of Estra-1, 3, 5 [10] -trien-17ß-ol (35.26%), Oleic acid (6.49%), 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid-2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.98%), Docosanoic acid (2.85%) with other palmitic acid derivatives.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola)
    AU  - Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu
    AU  - Abba Chika
    AU  - Ezeh Peter
    AU  - Ajaghaku Daniel
    AU  - Onyegbule Felix Afamefule
    Y1  - 2016/10/18
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
    T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    SP  - 106
    EP  - 112
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5737
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
    AB  - This study investigated the phytochemical content, proximate analysis, acute toxicity test, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effect of Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) seed fractions using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane, methanol and aqueous extracts of B. coriacea seeds against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The proximate composition shows that freshly dried B. coriacea seeds consist of 13% moisture, 88.19% total solid, 0.45% crude fat, 3.92% ash, 1.96% nitrogen, 12.8% protein, 69.8% carbohydrate and 3.5% crude fibre. The acute toxicity study showed that the seed is safe; as no death was recorded. In the assay for anti-inflammatory activity, the results showed the aqueous extract to be the most active fractions. The preliminary antimicrobial evaluation, revealed that at the concentrations analysed (6.25-100 mg/mL), the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) produced by the aqueous extracts against the test isolates ranged from 0-18 mm; the methanol extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-15 mm; and the n-hexane extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-7 mm. The antimicrobial results of the extracts of B. coriacea showed that the aqueous extract recorded the best antibacterial activity, while the methanol extract showed the best antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract recorded more pharmacological activities than the methanol and n-hexane extracts of B. coriacea seeds and this confirms the common use of aqueous decoctions of this plant seeds in South-Eastern Nigeria traditional medicine practice. Analysis of the seed oil, revealed the significant presence of Estra-1, 3, 5 [10] -trien-17ß-ol (35.26%), Oleic acid (6.49%), 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid-2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.98%), Docosanoic acid (2.85%) with other palmitic acid derivatives.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Pharmaceutical, and Medicinal Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Department of Pharmaceutical, and Medicinal Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Department of Pharmaceutical, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Department of Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Department of Pharmaceutical, and Medicinal Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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