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The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Allium Sativum (Garlic) on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Normal and Sickle Cell

Received: 28 September 2014     Accepted: 15 October 2014     Published: 30 October 2014
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Abstract

Allium sativa (garlic) is a bulbous herb used as food item, spice and medicine in different parts of the world. The effect of garlic (Allium Sativa) on the osmotic fragility of red blood cells in normal and sickle cell patients was assessed in vitro. The study comprised four sets of fourteen centrifuge tubes each containing 5ml of graduated concentrations of normal saline. To the first set of tubes, 20μl of blood from normal subjects was added using a micropipette, while to the second, 0.75mg of garlic and 20μl of blood from normal subjects were added. To the third set of tubes, 20μl of blood from sickle cell patient was added, and to the fourth 20μl of blood from sickle cell patient and 0.75mg of garlic were added. Percentage hemolysis was determined by spectrophotometry. It was observed that the degree of hemolysis was greater (P<0.05) in the sickle cell compared to the normal blood. This observation was also recorded in the samples treated with garlic. It is concluded that the degree of hemolysis in sickle cell is higher (P<0.05) than normal cell. Treatment with garlic increased fragility in both normal and sickle cell blood however this effect was more pronounced in sickle cell blood. It is recommended that the consumption of garlic in patients with sickle cell anemia should be continuously monitored and carefully regulated.

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.15
Page(s) 278-281
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Allium Sativa (Garlic), Osmotic Fragility, Red Blood Cells, Membrane Stability, Sickle Cell Anemia, % Hemolysis

References
[1] Amagase H., Petsech B.L., Mansuura H. (2001): Intake of garlic and its bioa-ctive components. Journal of Nutrition.131: 9555-9625.
[2] Dubravka S. and Ilona S.V. (2003): An Evolution of the Antioxidant Abilities of Allium Species. Acta Biol Szeged. 47(1-4): 103-106.
[3] Eidi A., Eidi M., ESMALILI E. (2006): Antidiabetic Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum L) in Normal and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Phytomed 13(9-10): 624-629.
[4] Faulknet W.R., King J.W (1970): Manual of Clinical Laboratory Procedures. Clevland OH: Chemical Rubber Company.
[5] Hussein, J.S, Ovaby, F.S and El Shatey N. (2007): Anti Hepatotoxic Effect of Garlic and Onion Oils on Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. J of Appl Sci Res. 3(l1): 1527-53.
[6] Jaiswal N. and Rizvi I.S. (2011); Protective Effect of Different Layers of Onion Extracts (Allium Cepa L.) on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes. Cell Memb. Free Rad. Res. 3(2): 171-177
[7] Kato G.I., Gladwin M.T. (2009) Mechanism and Clinical Complications of Hemolysis in Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia. In Steinberg M.H., Forget B.G., Higgs D.R., Nagel R.I. editors: Disorders of Hemoglobin Genetic, Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. New York Cambridge University Press.
[8] Nolan. V.G., Wyszynski D.F., Farrer L.A., Steinberg M.H., (2005) Hemolysis-associated Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease. Blood 106(9): 3264-3267.
[9] Rai, D.K., Rai P;K., Rizui S., Watal G., Shama B., (2009): . Carbofuran Induced Toxicity in Rats: Protective Role of Vitamin C. Experimental Toxicology and Pathology. 612531 535.
[10] Rother R.P., Bell., Hillmen P., Gladwin M.T., (2005): The Clinical Sequelae of Intravascular Hemolysis and Extra Cellular plasma Hemoglobin. A novel Mechanism of Human Disease. JAMA J. American Medical Association 295(13): 1653-1662.
[11] Salami H.A., Ekanem A.U. and John A.I., (2012): The Effect of Aqueous Preparation of Allium Cepa (Onion) and Allium Sativa (Garlic) on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Wistar Rats: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Nig. J. Physiol. Sci. 27(1): 29-34.
[12] Silva H.G.D., Junior B.E., Almeida A.E. and Bonini-Domingos R.C. (2013): Oxidative Stress in Sickle Cell Disease: An Overview of Erythrocyte Redox Metabolism and Current Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 65: 1101- 1109.
[13] Singh V. K., Singh D.K (2008): Pharmacological Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). Annu Rev Biomed Sci; 10:6-26.
[14] Steiner M., and Li W. (2001): Garlic as an Antithrombotic Agent. J. Nutri. 131(35): 980-984.
[15] Takasu J., Uykimpang R., Sunga M. A., Amagase H. and Niihara Y. (2006): Aged Garlic Extract is a Potential Therapy for Sickle Cell Anemia. J. Nutr. 803S-805S.
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    Salami Hamza Adegoke, Gadaka Madu Adamu, John Adeolu Ige, Babagana Fatima, Odirachukwu Rita. (2014). The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Allium Sativum (Garlic) on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Normal and Sickle Cell. American Journal of Life Sciences, 2(5), 278-281. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.15

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    ACS Style

    Salami Hamza Adegoke; Gadaka Madu Adamu; John Adeolu Ige; Babagana Fatima; Odirachukwu Rita. The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Allium Sativum (Garlic) on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Normal and Sickle Cell. Am. J. Life Sci. 2014, 2(5), 278-281. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.15

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    AMA Style

    Salami Hamza Adegoke, Gadaka Madu Adamu, John Adeolu Ige, Babagana Fatima, Odirachukwu Rita. The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Allium Sativum (Garlic) on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Normal and Sickle Cell. Am J Life Sci. 2014;2(5):278-281. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.15,
      author = {Salami Hamza Adegoke and Gadaka Madu Adamu and John Adeolu Ige and Babagana Fatima and Odirachukwu Rita},
      title = {The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Allium Sativum (Garlic) on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Normal and Sickle Cell},
      journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
      volume = {2},
      number = {5},
      pages = {278-281},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20140205.15},
      abstract = {Allium sativa (garlic) is a bulbous herb used as food item, spice and medicine in different parts of the world. The effect of garlic (Allium Sativa) on the osmotic fragility of red blood cells in normal and sickle cell patients was assessed in vitro. The study comprised four sets of fourteen centrifuge tubes each containing 5ml of graduated concentrations of normal saline. To the first set of tubes, 20μl of blood from normal subjects was added using a micropipette, while to the second, 0.75mg of garlic and 20μl of blood from normal subjects were added. To the third set of tubes, 20μl of blood from sickle cell patient was added, and to the fourth 20μl of blood from sickle cell patient and 0.75mg of garlic were added. Percentage hemolysis was determined by spectrophotometry. It was observed that the degree of hemolysis was greater (P<0.05) in the sickle cell compared to the normal blood. This observation was also recorded in the samples treated with garlic. It is concluded that the degree of hemolysis in sickle cell is higher (P<0.05) than normal cell. Treatment with garlic increased fragility in both normal and sickle cell blood however this effect was more pronounced in sickle cell blood. It is recommended that the consumption of garlic in patients with sickle cell anemia should be continuously monitored and carefully regulated.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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    T1  - The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Allium Sativum (Garlic) on Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Normal and Sickle Cell
    AU  - Salami Hamza Adegoke
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    AU  - John Adeolu Ige
    AU  - Babagana Fatima
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.15
    T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    SP  - 278
    EP  - 281
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5737
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140205.15
    AB  - Allium sativa (garlic) is a bulbous herb used as food item, spice and medicine in different parts of the world. The effect of garlic (Allium Sativa) on the osmotic fragility of red blood cells in normal and sickle cell patients was assessed in vitro. The study comprised four sets of fourteen centrifuge tubes each containing 5ml of graduated concentrations of normal saline. To the first set of tubes, 20μl of blood from normal subjects was added using a micropipette, while to the second, 0.75mg of garlic and 20μl of blood from normal subjects were added. To the third set of tubes, 20μl of blood from sickle cell patient was added, and to the fourth 20μl of blood from sickle cell patient and 0.75mg of garlic were added. Percentage hemolysis was determined by spectrophotometry. It was observed that the degree of hemolysis was greater (P<0.05) in the sickle cell compared to the normal blood. This observation was also recorded in the samples treated with garlic. It is concluded that the degree of hemolysis in sickle cell is higher (P<0.05) than normal cell. Treatment with garlic increased fragility in both normal and sickle cell blood however this effect was more pronounced in sickle cell blood. It is recommended that the consumption of garlic in patients with sickle cell anemia should be continuously monitored and carefully regulated.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Human Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri. Borno State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri. Borno State. Nigeria

  • Department of Human Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri. Borno State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri. Borno State. Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri. Borno State. Nigeria

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